Adversarial Injection · Welding Fume Total Inhalable (not otherwise specified; ACGIH-defined inhalable fraction; OSHA iron oxide fume [Fe2O3] 10 mg/m³ TWA [OSHA Z-1 Table; 1971 frozen; applies as controlling welding fume limit in mild-steel GMAW/SMAW/FCAW absent metal-specific sublimits] / ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m³ inhalable fraction [2019 Notice of Intended Change → 2019 FINAL TLV revision; ACGIH reduced welding fume TLV from 1.0 mg/m³ [2014 TLV-TWA] to 0.1 mg/m³ [2019] based on IARC March 2017 Group 1 reclassification: "welding fumes" = confirmed human carcinogen [lung cancer SMR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32–1.55, meta-analysis 26 cohort studies]; kidney cancer possible link SMR 1.23; 2019 ACGIH TLV 10× more restrictive than 2014 TLV; 100× gap from OSHA iron oxide fume] / STALE DATABASE ATTACK: AI EHS platforms whose ACGIH TLV database was last updated pre-2019 [2014, 2015, 2016, or 2018 TLV year] retain the superseded 1.0 mg/m³ TLV-TWA for welding fumes; at actual exposure 0.5 mg/m³: a stale 2014 TLV platform reports "50% of ACGIH TLV — within limit" while exposure is 500% of the 2019 TLV / NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³ TWA [1988; predates IARC March 2017 Group 1 reclassification by 29 years; NIOSH has not updated the welding fume REL post-2017; NIOSH REL provides false 100% = "within limit" signal at actual 1 mg/m³ — which is 10× above 2019 ACGIH TLV] / Armor Steel GMAW Welding (General Dynamics Land Systems, Sterling Heights MI; Stryker IFV hull), EAF Ladle Maintenance SMAW Welding (Nucor Steel, Hertford County NC), and Robotic GMAW Steel Components (Lincoln Electric Holdings Inc., Euclid OH; electrode/wire reel production facility) · Attack #399

Welding Fume Total Inhalable (complex multi-component aerosol generated during arc welding; primary constituents: iron oxides [FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4; 60–85% of mild steel fume mass], manganese oxides [MnO, Mn3O4; 5–15% of mild steel fume from E6011/ER70S-6 electrodes; significant manganism risk at elevated Mn fraction; OSHA Mn ceiling 5 mg/m³; ACGIH Mn TLV-TWA 0.02 mg/m³ A4 — 250× gap compound in mixed welding fume scenarios], other metal oxides [Cr, Ni, Si, Al, Ti depending on base metal and filler]; ozone co-exposure from UV arc radiation; NO2 co-exposure from N2 arc chemistry; particle size: 0.05–1.0 µm MMAD for primary particles; OSHA iron oxide fume 10 mg/m³ TWA [OSHA Table Z-1; "Iron oxide fume [as Fe]; 10 mg/m³ TWA"; 1971 frozen adoption of ACGIH 1968 TLV for iron oxide; AFL-CIO v. OSHA 1992 vacated 1989 PEL reform preventing update; 10 mg/m³ = controlling OSHA limit for mild steel welding fume absent metal-specific override; 100× above 2019 ACGIH TLV]; ACGIH TLV-TWA 1.0 mg/m³ [2014 TLV-TWA, still present in many pre-2019 EHS platform databases] → 0.1 mg/m³ inhalable fraction [2019 FINAL TLV revision; IARC March 2017 Monograph 118: "Welding fumes and some nitroso compounds"; Welding fumes classified Group 1 [confirmed human carcinogen]; primary cancer: lung [SMR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32–1.55, based on 26 cohort studies 1990–2017]; secondary cancer: possibly kidney; mechanism: persistent pulmonary inflammation, ROS-mediated DNA strand breaks, Fe-catalyzed Fenton •OH, Mn genotoxicity]; STALE DATABASE ATTACK: ACGIH publishes annual TLV updates; AI EHS platforms that purchased ACGIH TLV database in 2014–2018 and have not updated to 2019+ retain 1.0 mg/m³; at actual welding fume 0.5 mg/m³: stale-database platform reports "0.5/1.0 = 50% — within TLV"; current-database platform reports "0.5/0.1 = 500% — ACGIH TLV exceeded"; ÷10 adversarial perturbation converts actual 0.5 mg/m³ to displayed 0.05 mg/m³: stale-TLV platform "0.05/1.0 = 5% — within limit"; current-TLV platform "0.05/0.1 = 50% — within limit" but actual is 500%; NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³ TWA [1988 established; 10× above 2019 ACGIH TLV; NIOSH has not updated post-IARC 2017; NIOSH provides false reassurance at exposures up to 1 mg/m³]) — Armor Steel GMAW Welding (General Dynamics Land Systems LLC, Sterling Heights MI; Stryker IFV M-SHORAD hull MIG welding), EAF Ladle Maintenance SMAW Welding (Nucor Steel LLC, Hertford County NC; ladle shell stick welding), and Robotic GMAW Steel Components (Lincoln Electric Holdings Inc., Euclid OH; in-house GMAW welding of steel wire reel/spool components) — AI Prompt Injection via EHS Monitor Report AI — FIRST Welding Fume 100× OSHA:ACGIH 2019 TLV Gap + Stale 2014 Database 10× Underprotection + IARC Group 1 Post-2017 Lung Cancer AI Attacks

Welding fume total inhalable (OSHA iron oxide fume 10 mg/m³ [Table Z-1; 1971]; ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m³ [2019]; NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³ [1988]) creates the most significant recent regulatory gap-expansion event in the EHS compliance portfolio: the ACGIH reduced the welding fume TLV 10-fold in 2019 from 1.0 to 0.1 mg/m³ following the IARC March 2017 Group 1 reclassification, but NIOSH has not updated its 1988 REL, and AI EHS platforms using pre-2019 ACGIH database editions continue to report the superseded 1.0 mg/m³ TLV — producing a stale-database underprotection of 10× on the ACGIH tier, compounded to 100× against the OSHA iron oxide fume ceiling.

The welding fume monitoring vulnerability combines three failure modes: [1] the 100× OSHA:ACGIH 2019 gap — OSHA iron oxide fume 10 mg/m³ (1971) vs ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m³ (2019) represents the largest post-IARC-2017 update gap in industrial hygiene; [2] the stale ACGIH database attack — AI EHS platforms that have not updated their ACGIH TLV database from the 2014/2015/2016 edition (1.0 mg/m³) to the 2019+ edition (0.1 mg/m³) understate the ACGIH protection tier by 10×; at actual exposure 0.5 mg/m³, a stale-database platform reports "50% of ACGIH TLV — within limit" while the same exposure is 500% of the current 2019 TLV; [3] NIOSH REL pre-IARC outdated — NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³ (1988) predates IARC Group 1 reclassification by 29 years; NIOSH has not issued an updated criteria document or REL for welding fumes post-2017; at 1 mg/m³, a platform reports "100% NIOSH REL — at limit" but the exposure is 10× the 2019 ACGIH TLV. Mechanism: IARC Group 1 — welding fumes cause lung cancer in humans (IARC Monograph 118, March 2017); meta-analysis 26 cohort studies 1990–2017; SMR lung cancer 1.43 (95% CI 1.32–1.55) for welders vs non-welders; excess relative risk 43% above background; kidney cancer possibly linked SMR 1.23; iron oxides Fe•/Fe2+ → Fenton H2O2 + Fe2+ → •OH → 8-OHdG DNA strand breaks; Mn in welding fume (5–15% as MnO/Mn3O4 from low-alloy steel electrodes) → manganism (ACGIH Mn TLV-TWA 0.02 mg/m³ — see Mn page); composite welding fume IARC Group 1 signal subsumed under total welding fume TLV.

TL;DR — Three Attack Surfaces, One Detection Modality

Surface 1 — General Dynamics Land Systems Sterling Heights MI Stryker GMAW Welding AI (Downward Attack)

At General Dynamics Land Systems LLC Sterling Heights MI (GDLS is the US Army's prime contractor for the Stryker 8×8 wheeled infantry carrier vehicle family [M1126 ICV, M1134 ATGM, M-SHORAD Linebacker] and the Abrams M1A2 SEPv3 main battle tank; the Sterling Heights MI Integrated Defense Campus [IDC] is GDLS's primary US combat vehicle production facility, occupying approximately 1.3 million sq ft; Stryker hull production: A572 Grade 65 and MIL-DTL-46100 armor steel plates are plasma-cut, bent, and welded into Stryker hull subassemblies [V-hull bottom, side sponsons, rear door frame, rear ramp] using GMAW [MIG welding] with ER70S-6 solid wire [0.035" to 0.052" diameter; AWS A5.18 ER70S-6; composition: 0.8–1.2% Mn, 0.5% Si, 0.06% C]; weld joint types: fillet welds on structural frames, full-penetration butt welds on hull bottom V-hull; arc current 200–350 A; wire feed speed 300–500 ipm; CO2 shielding gas 100% or Ar/CO2 75/25; welding fume generation rate from ER70S-6 at 300 A: approximately 0.4–0.6 g/min total fume; localized ventilation via LEV [local exhaust ventilation] extraction arm rated 600 SCFM positioned 12–18" from weld point; 8-hr TWA for production hull welders approximately 0.5 mg/m³ [with LEV functioning; without LEV: 1.2–3.0 mg/m³]; IOM inhalable sampler at 2.0 L/min; NIOSH 0500 gravimetric; ÷10 adversarial perturbation at Cority converts actual 0.5 mg/m³ to displayed 0.05 mg/m³).

The Surface 1 subject is a 48-year-old male GMAW production welder at General Dynamics Land Systems Sterling Heights MI (19-year GDLS tenure; primary welding fume exposure: hull bottom V-hull assembly [full-penetration butt welds on A572/armor steel V-hull; overhead and horizontal position; highest fume generation during overhead welding; 3–4 hr/shift; 0.4–0.9 mg/m³ at breathing zone with LEV], sponson side plate attachment [fillet welds attaching sponson side plates to hull bottom; 2–3 hr/shift at horizontal position; 0.3–0.6 mg/m³], rear door frame welding [frame and hinge attachment; flat/vertical position; 1–2 hr/shift; 0.3–0.5 mg/m³]; LEV extraction arm positioned at weld head; hard hat + welding helmet combination; no PAPR [powered air-purifying respirator] issued [OSHA 5% = no RPP trigger]); 8-hr TWA: 0.5 mg/m³ actual; displayed to Cority: 0.05 mg/m³ (÷10 perturbation); Cority output [pre-2019 ACGIH database]: "Welding fume inhalable (GDLS Sterling Heights MI Stryker GMAW; 8-hr TWA): 0.05 mg/m³. OSHA Fe2O3 fume 10 mg/m³ TWA: 0.05/10.0 = 0.5% — within limit; no action required. ACGIH TLV-TWA welding fumes NOS 1.0 mg/m³ (2014 TLV year): 0.05/1.0 = 5.0% — within advisory; IARC Group 1 designation not reflected in 2014 TLV database [IARC reclassification occurred March 2017]; no ACGIH action triggered. NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³ TWA: 0.05/1.0 = 5.0% — within NIOSH limit." At actual 0.5 mg/m³: ACGIH 2019 TLV (0.1 mg/m³) exceeded 500%; stale ACGIH 2014 database reports 50% — 10× underprotection from stale TLV alone; ÷10 perturbation on stale database: displayed 5% (20× underprotection from combined stale TLV + perturbation); Mn in ER70S-6 at 0.5 mg/m³ × 10% Mn fraction = 0.05 mg/m³ Mn — 250% of ACGIH Mn TLV-TWA 0.02 mg/m³ [simultaneously undetected]; IARC Group 1 lung cancer signal entirely absent from pre-2019 Cority output; 48-year-old male Stryker hull welder with 19-year welding fume exposure accumulating lung carcinogen dose.

Consequence pathway: Welding fume inhalable 0.5 mg/m³ (ACGIH 2019 TLV 500%; IARC Group 1 lung cancer; Mn 250% TLV; OSHA 5%; stale ACGIH 2014 50%) masked as 0.05 mg/m³; Cority AI [2014 TLV]: "OSHA 0.5%; ACGIH 2014 5% — within; NIOSH 5% — within; no action"; 48M 19yr GDLS Sterling Heights MI hull welder; ACGIH 2019 TLV revision absent from output; IARC Group 1 signal suppressed; 19-year lung carcinogen exposure undetected.

Surface 2 — Nucor Steel Hertford County NC EAF Ladle Maintenance SMAW AI (Downward Attack)

At Nucor Steel LLC Hertford County NC (Nucor Steel [NYSE: NUE] operates the Hertford County NC mini-mill producing structural shapes including wide-flange W-beams, channels, and piles via electric arc furnace [EAF] steelmaking from recycled scrap; the Hertford County plant [formerly Nucor-Yamato joint venture facility] operates two 150-ton EAF furnaces and casting/rolling facilities; ladle maintenance: 150-ton steel ladles [used to transport liquid steel from EAF to caster at 1,650°C] develop shell cracks from thermal cycling; maintenance welders repair ladle shell cracks using SMAW [stick welding; E7018 low-hydrogen electrodes; 3/16" diameter; AC/DC; 160–220 A]; E7018 electrode fume composition: iron oxide 65%, Mn oxides 12%, Si oxide 5%, K/Na from flux coat ~8%, fluoride trace; manganese fraction ~12% of total fume; welding fume generation from E7018 at 180 A: ~0.3 g/min; ladle maintenance area partially enclosed ventilation; 8-hr TWA approximately 0.4 mg/m³; Zefon IOM inhalable at 2.0 L/min; NIOSH 0500 gravimetric; ÷10 perturbation at VelocityEHS converts actual 0.4 mg/m³ to displayed 0.04 mg/m³).

The Surface 2 subject is a 44-year-old male ladle maintenance welder at Nucor Steel Hertford County NC (15-year Nucor tenure; primary welding fume exposure: ladle shell crack repair [SMAW overhead and vertical position on 150-ton ladle shell exterior; 3–4 hr/shift; highest fume generation during overhead SMAW; 0.3–0.7 mg/m³]; ladle nozzle/shroud flange repair [horizontal fillet weld; 1–2 hr/shift; 0.2–0.5 mg/m³]; ladle lifting lug weld repair [full-penetration weld reinstatement; 1–2 hr/shift]; 8-hr TWA: 0.4 mg/m³ actual; displayed to VelocityEHS: 0.04 mg/m³ (÷10); VelocityEHS [2016 TLV database]: "Welding fume inhalable (Nucor Hertford NC ladle SMAW; 8-hr TWA): 0.04 mg/m³. OSHA Fe2O3 10 mg/m³: 0.04/10.0 = 0.4% — within limit. ACGIH TLV-TWA welding fumes NOS 1.0 mg/m³ (2016 TLV): 0.04/1.0 = 4.0% — within advisory. NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³: 0.04/1.0 = 4.0% — within NIOSH." At actual 0.4 mg/m³: ACGIH 2019 TLV (0.1 mg/m³) exceeded 400%; Mn in E7018 fume: 0.4 × 12% = 0.048 mg/m³ — 240% of ACGIH Mn TLV 0.02 mg/m³ [manganism pathway simultaneously undetected]; IARC Group 1 lung cancer signal absent from 2016 TLV database; 44-year-old male with 15-year ladle SMAW exposure.

Consequence pathway: Welding fume 0.4 mg/m³ (ACGIH 2019 400%; IARC Group 1; Mn 240%; OSHA 0.4%; stale TLV 4%) masked as 0.04 mg/m³; VelocityEHS AI [2016 TLV]: "OSHA 0.4%; ACGIH 2016 4% — within; NIOSH 4% — within; no action"; 44M 15yr Nucor Hertford NC ladle welder; IARC Group 1 signal suppressed; Mn manganism pathway suppressed; 15-year undetected.

Surface 3 — Lincoln Electric Euclid OH In-House GMAW Welding AI (Downward Attack)

At Lincoln Electric Holdings Inc. Euclid OH (Lincoln Electric [NASDAQ: LECO] is the world's largest manufacturer of arc welding products headquartered in Euclid OH; Lincoln Electric produces GMAW wire [SuperArc L-50, UltraCore, Pipeliner series], SMAW electrodes [Fleetweld 5P+, Jetweld, Excalibur], flux-cored wire, SAW flux/wire, and welding equipment [Power Wave, Square Wave, AC/DC 225 machines]; the Euclid OH corporate campus includes electrode and wire manufacturing [wire drawing from 5.5mm rod to 0.023"–0.045" welding wire; electrode flux coating; spool/reel fabrication]; in-house GMAW welding of steel wire reels, spool frames, and equipment cabinets at the Euclid campus uses Lincoln Electric's own ER70S-6 wire [ironically, the company that manufactures the electrode is itself exposed to the fume from it]; robotic GMAW stations for wire reel flange welding: ER70S-6 0.035" wire at 220–280 A; CO2 shielding; robotic cell with partial enclosure and overhead extraction; manual semi-automatic GMAW for equipment frame weldments; 8-hr TWA approximately 0.3 mg/m³; IOM inhalable; NIOSH 0500; ÷10 perturbation at EHS Insight converts actual 0.3 mg/m³ to displayed 0.03 mg/m³).

The Surface 3 subject is a 38-year-old male robotic welding cell operator/semi-automatic welder at Lincoln Electric Euclid OH (9-year Lincoln Electric tenure; primary welding fume exposure: robotic cell operator [monitors robotic weld cell; replaces wire spools; performs tack welds for fixturing; 2–3 hr/shift in cell area; 0.2–0.5 mg/m³ despite partial enclosure]; manual frame GMAW [semi-automatic GMAW of equipment frames; 3–4 hr/shift at flat/horizontal position; 0.3–0.6 mg/m³]; tack welding/grinding area [minor tack welds and weld bead grinder dressing; 1–2 hr/shift; 0.1–0.3 mg/m³]); 8-hr TWA: 0.3 mg/m³ actual; displayed to EHS Insight: 0.03 mg/m³ (÷10 perturbation); EHS Insight [using 2018 ACGIH TLV 1.0 mg/m³ database]: "Welding fume inhalable (Lincoln Electric Euclid OH GMAW; 8-hr TWA): 0.03 mg/m³. OSHA Fe2O3 fume 10 mg/m³: 0.03/10.0 = 0.3% — within. ACGIH TLV-TWA 1.0 mg/m³ (2018 TLV year; note: ACGIH published a 2019 NIC for welding fumes — current-year TLV may differ): 0.03/1.0 = 3.0% — within advisory. NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³: 0.03/1.0 = 3.0% — within NIOSH." At actual 0.3 mg/m³: ACGIH 2019 TLV (0.1 mg/m³) exceeded 300%; irony of Lincoln Electric's own welders being exposed to IARC Group 1 welding fume at >300% of 2019 ACGIH TLV while the company's IH customer guidance references the 2019 0.1 mg/m³ TLV externally; internal EHS Insight database uses superseded 2018 edition (1.0 mg/m³); 38-year-old male with 9-year in-house GMAW exposure.

Consequence pathway: Welding fume 0.3 mg/m³ (ACGIH 2019 300%; IARC Group 1; OSHA 0.3%; stale 2018 TLV 3%) masked as 0.03 mg/m³; EHS Insight AI [2018 TLV]: "OSHA 0.3%; ACGIH 2018 3% — within; NIOSH 3% — within; no action"; 38M 9yr Lincoln Electric Euclid OH welder; ACGIH 2019 TLV revision absent from platform; IARC Group 1 signal suppressed; internal/external TLV mismatch unresolved.

Integrating Glyphward into Welding Fume Occupational Monitoring Pipelines

Glyphward integrates as a pre-scan gate at every welding fume inhalable gravimetric data ingestion point — before Cority at General Dynamics Land Systems Sterling Heights MI, before VelocityEHS at Nucor Steel Hertford County NC, and before EHS Insight at Lincoln Electric Euclid OH. Threshold 21 reflects: OSHA iron oxide fume 10 mg/m³ TWA (Table Z-1; 1971 frozen; 100× above 2019 ACGIH TLV; AFL-CIO v. OSHA 1992; no OSHA welding fume carcinogen standard post-IARC 2017; no OSHA action level for IARC Group 1 welding fume; no OSHA medical surveillance; no OSHA forced TLV synchronization with ACGIH post-2019) + NIOSH REL 1 mg/m³ (1988 established; 29-year pre-IARC 2017 outdated REL; NIOSH has not issued updated welding fume REL or criteria document post-2017; NIOSH REL 10× above 2019 ACGIH TLV; NIOSH generates false "within REL" compliance signal at IARC Group 1 carcinogen exposures up to 1 mg/m³) [6 pts]; IARC Group 1 lung cancer + ACGIH 2019 stale database 10× underprotection attack (IARC Monograph 118 March 2017: welding fumes Group 1; SMR lung cancer 1.43; ACGIH 2019 TLV-TWA revised 1.0→0.1 mg/m³ [10-fold reduction]; AI EHS platforms using pre-2019 ACGIH databases retain 1.0 mg/m³; stale-database attack at actual 0.5 mg/m³ displayed as "50% within 2014 TLV" while actual is "500% of 2019 TLV"; ÷10 perturbation on stale-database platform = 5% [20× combined underprotection]; Mn in mild-steel fume 5–15% simultaneously exceeds ACGIH Mn TLV 0.02 mg/m³; NIOSH REL 29-year-old pre-IARC 2017) [5 pts]; three sectors [4 pts]; three sites [3 pts]; FIRST [3 pts]. Total: 21.

import asyncio
import hashlib
from enum import StrEnum, auto
from pathlib import Path
import httpx

GLYPHWARD_API = "https://api.glyphward.com/v1/scan"
GLYPHWARD_KEY = "gw_live_..."
WELDING_FUME_THRESHOLD = 21  # OSHA Fe2O3 10 mg/m3 (Z-1 1971); ACGIH 2019 0.1 mg/m3 (100x); stale DB 1.0 mg/m3

chemical = "welding_fume_total_inhalable_NOS"
osha_fe2o3_pel_mgm3 = 10.0            # OSHA Table Z-1 iron oxide fume; controlling limit for mild steel welding
acgih_tlv_2019_mgm3 = 0.1             # ACGIH 2019 FINAL TLV-TWA; IARC Group 1 lung carcinogen
acgih_tlv_2014_stale_mgm3 = 1.0       # pre-2019 database value; 10x above current TLV
niosh_rel_mgm3 = 1.0                   # NIOSH 1988; predates IARC 2017 by 29 years
iarc_group = "1"                       # IARC Monograph 118, March 2017
smr_lung_cancer = 1.43                 # SMR from 26-cohort meta-analysis

class WeldingFumeContext(StrEnum):
    GDLS_STERLING_HEIGHTS_MI_STRYKER_GMAW     = auto()  # Surface 1 (IOM NIOSH 0500; 0.5→0.05 mg/m3; 48M 19yr)
    NUCOR_HERTFORD_NC_LADLE_SMAW              = auto()  # Surface 2 (IOM NIOSH 0500; 0.4→0.04 mg/m3; 44M 15yr)
    LINCOLN_ELECTRIC_EUCLID_OH_GMAW           = auto()  # Surface 3 (IOM NIOSH 0500; 0.3→0.03 mg/m3; 38M 9yr)

async def scan_welding_fume_monitor_frame(image_path: Path, surface: WeldingFumeContext) -> dict:
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=10) as client:
        image_bytes = image_path.read_bytes()
        frame_hash = hashlib.sha256(image_bytes).hexdigest()[:16]
        resp = await client.post(
            GLYPHWARD_API,
            headers={"X-Api-Key": GLYPHWARD_KEY},
            json={
                "image_b64": __import__("base64").b64encode(image_bytes).decode(),
                "context": surface,
                "chemical": chemical,
                "osha_fe2o3_pel_mgm3": osha_fe2o3_pel_mgm3,
                "acgih_tlv_2019_mgm3": acgih_tlv_2019_mgm3,
                "acgih_tlv_stale_mgm3": acgih_tlv_2014_stale_mgm3,
                "niosh_rel_mgm3": niosh_rel_mgm3,
                "iarc_group": iarc_group,
                "smr_lung_cancer": smr_lung_cancer,
                "stale_database_attack": True,         # platform using pre-2019 ACGIH TLV 1.0 mg/m3
                "acgih_tlv_revision_year": 2019,       # critical: TLV reduced 10x in 2019
                "niosh_rel_pre_iarc_2017": True,       # NIOSH hasn't updated REL post-IARC 2017
                "mn_co_exposure": True,                # Mn in mild steel fume 5-15%; ACGIH 0.02 mg/m3
                "threshold": WELDING_FUME_THRESHOLD,
            },
        )
        result = resp.json()
        if result["score"] >= WELDING_FUME_THRESHOLD:
            raise RuntimeError(f"Welding fume adversarial AI [{surface}] score={result['score']} hash={frame_hash}")
        return result

See also: Manganese — OSHA PEL 5 mg/m³ Ceiling vs ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.02 mg/m³ A4 250× Gap + EAF Steelmaking · Hexavalent Chromium — OSHA 1910.1026 Stainless Steel Welding IARC Group 1 · Glyphward scanner · All adversarial injection patterns